A Trust is a contractual agreement whereby a Founder and Trustees hold property as its nominal owner to the benefit of one or more beneficiaries.

When considering setting up a Trust, be mindful of maintaining a valid legal structure. Understanding the nature of the Trust, beneficiary rights and trustee duties are crucial. Basically, setting up a Trust is complicated and you need to involve a professional to assist you. In this blog we go into detail on how to register a trust in South Africa.

Choose a Trust 

There are many options you can choose from when it comes to setting up a trust in South Africa (Family Trusts, Charitable Trusts and Umbrella Trusts etc.).

A Trust can either be a Living Trust or a Testamentary Trust. The biggest difference between the two is that Living Trusts (Inter Vivos Trusts) are created and handled within the creator’s lifespan. Testamentary Trusts, on the other hand, are created according to the instructions in a person’s Last Will and Testament and go into effect after the death of the testator. Most people prefer a Living Trust to prevent their beneficiaries from going to court.

Living Trusts can be subdivided into Discretionary and Vested Trusts. Discretionary Trusts entail trustees having in their absolute discretion the right on deciding how the income and capital of the Trust is awarded to each beneficiary, whereas in a Vested Trust, the trustee do not have absolute discretion. Living Trusts can also be revocable or irrevocable. 

A revocable Trust is one that you can completely cancel or amend and you can even remove specific assets within the trust. An irrevocable Trust cannot be amended meaning, assets in the Trust belong to the Trust and you won’t have access to them. It is  general better to choose a revocable Trust.

Establish your chosen Trust 

This requires you to state your beneficiaries, trustees as well as fund the trust. 

Beneficiaries are the people who receive the assets from the Trust. You can be  a beneficiary if you are choosing to set up a revocable Living Trust. It is vital that you clearly describe  your beneficiaries in the Trust deed and identify them (by name) or make them identifiable (such as your children).

A trustee is someone who is appointed to manage the Trust and act in the best interest of the beneficiaries. Although  you will want to be the sole trustee of a Trust,, an additional trustee needs to be nominated. You need to clearly stipulate the boundaries of the trustees’ powers, obligations and competencies. A clear description of the trustees’ discretionary powers, other duties and their remuneration also need to be clearly specified in the Trust deed.

Funding the Trust means that you actually need to transfer assets into the Trust in order to benefit from it, this is not a “cheap” process.. All assets that are transferred to the trust will have to be registered in the name of the trustees in esse.

Supporting Documents

To register a Trust, the following documents need to be presented to the Master of the High Court in the relevant provincial jurisdiction in terms of the requirements stipulated in the Trust Property Control Act:

  • A cover letter to the Master of the High Court
  • Trust Registration and Amendment form (J401)
  • Two original signed trust deeds
  • Proof of payment of the Master of the High Court’s fee 
  • Master of the High Court’s Annexure B form for the fee
  • Acceptances of trusteeship by trustee (J417) by each of the trustees, as well as a summary of the nominated trustees’ qualifications and their experience in Trust management. The Master of the High Court must be convinced regarding the trustees’ competency in discharging their duties. If the Master of the High Court is not convinced, they may call for the trustees to put up security, and can insist that the trust be audited.
  • A declaration by trustees
  • A sworn affidavit signed by the independent trustee
  • A certified copy of the Identity Document of each of the trustees 
  • Beneficiaries Declaration (J450)
  • An undertaking by the auditor/accountant (J405) to administer the accounting records of the trust in accordance with generally accepted accounting practice 

De-registration of a trust

The Master can only de-register the trust after termination thereof. The common law comes into effect as the Trust Property Control Act does not make provision for it. 

The following documents are needed for the termination of a Trust:

  • A resolution by Trustees confirming the desire to terminate the Trust
  • The original letter of authority;
  • The closing bank statement reflecting a nil balance;
  • Proof that the beneficiaries have received their benefits

Once the Master acknowledges and approves your submission, you will need to visit the closest SARS office for the deregistration of the Trust Tax number.

The following documentation will be required by SARS:

  • A resolution by Trustees confirming the desire to terminate the Trust
  • A copy of the letter of authority;
  • The closing bank statement reflecting a nil balance;
  • Proof that the beneficiaries have received their benefits
  • Copy of the last Annual Financial Statements, reflecting zero assets and zero loan accounts, with the IT34A assessment.

Advantages of Registering a Trust

Some advantages of registering a Trust besides the apparent advantages of having your assets and family protected, include: Reduced estate taxes and protection from creditors who might want to seize assets due to insolvency or debt. Now you know how to register a trust in South Africa.

Now Read: Bear in mind how beneficiaries are defined in the trust deed

People also ask

How much does it cost to register a Trust in South Africa?

The cost of setting up a Trust, drafting a Trust deed and finally registering it in South Africa can total anywhere between as little as R7000 to R20 000. A registration fee of R250 is payable to the e Master of the High Court. 

Do trusts register with the CIPC?

No, Trusts are not registered with CIPC, but with the Master of the High Court.